The answer is A: Constructive discharge.
Explanation for each option:
A. Constructive discharge: This is the correct answer. Constructive discharge occurs when an employee resigns due to the employer creating a hostile or intolerable work environment. In Maria's case, the sexual harassment she experienced made her working conditions unbearable, leading her to quit. This fits the definition of constructive discharge.
B. Wrongful discharge: This term typically refers to an employee being terminated in violation of legal or contractual obligations. Since Maria quit her job rather than being fired, this does not apply to her situation.
C. Retaliatory discharge: This occurs when an employee is terminated as a form of retaliation for engaging in legally protected activities, such as filing a complaint or whistleblowing. Maria was not fired in retaliation; she resigned due to harassment, so this option is incorrect.
D. Whistleblowing: Whistleblowing involves reporting illegal or unethical behavior within an organization to external authorities. While Maria's situation involves reporting harassment, the term "whistleblowing" does not apply to her resignation due to harassment.
In summary, Maria's resignation due to intolerable working conditions caused by sexual harassment is best described as constructive discharge.