Questions: A study examined whether the content of TV shows influenced the ability of viewers to recall brand names of items featured in the commercials. Analysts recorded the number of advertised brand names a group of people recalled immediately after watching TV shows and then that same group of people recalled 24 hours later. Strangely enough, it appears that they remembered more about the ads the next day. Should we conclude this is true in general about people's memory of TV ads? Complete parts a through d. c) How might the design of this experiment have tainted these results? A. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, subjects with high recall could skew the means for each group. B. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, a two-sample t-test is not appropriate to compare the means between the two groups. C. Since the subjects were not selected at random, the first interview might have helped the subjects with high recall to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. D. A subject with high recall right after the show might have high recall 24 hours later as well. Also, the first interview might have helped the subjects to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. d) Suggest a design that could compare immediate brand name recall with recall one day later. A. Randomly assign half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the other half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. B. Assign the older half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the younger half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. C. Assign subjects in the group with horrible short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with horrible long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later. D. Assign subjects in the group with good short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with good long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later.

A study examined whether the content of TV shows influenced the ability of viewers to recall brand names of items featured in the commercials. Analysts recorded the number of advertised brand names a group of people recalled immediately after watching TV shows and then that same group of people recalled 24 hours later. Strangely enough, it appears that they remembered more about the ads the next day. Should we conclude this is true in general about people's memory of TV ads? Complete parts a through d. c) How might the design of this experiment have tainted these results? A. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, subjects with high recall could skew the means for each group. B. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, a two-sample t-test is not appropriate to compare the means between the two groups. C. Since the subjects were not selected at random, the first interview might have helped the subjects with high recall to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. D. A subject with high recall right after the show might have high recall 24 hours later as well. Also, the first interview might have helped the subjects to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. d) Suggest a design that could compare immediate brand name recall with recall one day later. A. Randomly assign half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the other half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. B. Assign the older half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the younger half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. C. Assign subjects in the group with horrible short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with horrible long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later. D. Assign subjects in the group with good short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with good long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later.
Transcript text: A study examined whether the content of TV shows influenced the ability of viewers to recall brand names of items featured in the commercials. Analysts recorded the number of advertised brand names a group of people recalled immediately after watching TV shows and then that same group of people recalled 24 hours later. Strangely enough, it appears that they remembered more about the ads the next day. Should we conclude this is true in general about people's memory of TV ads? Complete parts a through d. c) How might the design of this experiment have tainted these results? A. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, subjects with high recall could skew the means for each group. B. Since the populations of each group are not normally distributed, a two-sample t-test is not appropriate to compare the means between the two groups. C. Since the subjects were not selected at random, the first interview might have helped the subjects with high recall to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. D. A subject with high recall right after the show might have high recall 24 hours later as well. Also, the first interview might have helped the subjects to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise. d) Suggest a design that could compare immediate brand name recall with recall one day later. A. Randomly assign half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the other half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. B. Assign the older half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the younger half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later. C. Assign subjects in the group with horrible short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with horrible long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later. D. Assign subjects in the group with good short-term memory to be interviewed immediately after watching the violent TV show, and assign subjects with good long-term memory to be interviewed 24 hours later.
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c) How might the design of this experiment have tainted these results?

The answer is D: A subject with high recall right after the show might have high recall 24 hours later as well. Also, the first interview might have helped the subjects to remember the brand names for a longer period of time than they would have otherwise.

Explanation:

  • Option A is incorrect because while subjects with high recall could skew the means, the main issue here is the potential influence of the first interview on recall.
  • Option B is incorrect because the appropriateness of a two-sample t-test is not directly related to the design flaw in question.
  • Option C is partially correct in suggesting that the first interview might have influenced recall, but it does not address the potential for subjects with high recall to maintain that recall over time.
  • Option D is correct because it acknowledges both the potential for subjects with high recall to maintain that recall and the influence of the first interview on memory retention.

d) Suggest a design that could compare immediate brand name recall with recall one day later.

The answer is A: Randomly assign half of the group watching violent TV shows to be interviewed immediately after watching, while the other half of the group is interviewed 24 hours later.

Explanation:

  • Option A is correct because it uses random assignment to control for potential biases and ensures that the two groups are comparable, which is a fundamental principle of experimental design.
  • Option B is incorrect because it introduces a confounding variable (age) that could affect recall, making it difficult to attribute differences in recall to the timing of the interview.
  • Option C is incorrect because it does not use random assignment and instead relies on subjective assessments of memory ability, which could introduce bias.
  • Option D is incorrect for similar reasons as C, as it does not use random assignment and could introduce bias based on subjective assessments of memory ability.
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