Questions: The production of ale was dominated by (A) burghers. (B) women. (C) city merchants. (D) monasteries.

The answer is (B) women.

Burghers were typically town citizens or members of the bourgeoisie, often involved in trade and commerce. While they might have consumed ale, they were not primarily known for its production.

Historically, the production of ale, especially in medieval Europe, was largely dominated by women. Known as "alewives," these women brewed ale as a domestic activity and often sold it to supplement their household income. This practice was common before the commercial brewing industry became more established.

City merchants were more involved in the distribution and sale of goods, including ale, rather than its production. They played a role in the commercial aspect but were not the primary producers.

Monasteries did produce ale, particularly in the medieval period, and were known for brewing beer. However, the question specifically asks about ale, which was more commonly produced by women in domestic settings. Monasteries were more associated with beer production, which involved more complex brewing processes.