Questions: 42. Why did the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the South African Department of Health recommend and enforce, prenatal HIV testing as one of the important blood tests and treatment for pregnant women? A. enhance partner/spousal participation. B. minimise the transmission of the infection in newborns from HIV. C. protect hospital personnel for the day of the baby. D. None of the above 43. Name the possible animal source of the transmission of HIV in humans that is believed to have first occurred during a research campaign in Africa. A. chimpanzee B. cow C. duck D. pig 44. Select the opportunistic infections which is very common in the HIV/AIDS. A. Candidiasis B. Meningitis C. Pneumocystis (PCP) D. Tuberculosis (TB) 45. A person's sense of identity, based on an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes, is called A. Attraction ideology B. Heterosexuality C. Natural orientation D. Sexual orientation 46. A person who typically has emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to members of the other/opposite sex is A. B. C. D.

The answer to question 42 is B: minimize the transmission of the infection in newborns from HIV.

Explanation for each option: A. Enhance partner/spousal participation - This is not the primary reason for prenatal HIV testing. B. Minimize the transmission of the infection in newborns from HIV - This is the correct answer. Prenatal HIV testing is crucial to identify and treat HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. C. Protect hospital personnel for the day of the baby - While protecting hospital personnel is important, it is not the primary reason for prenatal HIV testing. D. None of the above - This is incorrect as option B is the correct reason.

The answer to question 43 is A: chimpanzee.

Explanation for each option: A. Chimpanzee - This is the correct answer. HIV is believed to have originated from the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) found in chimpanzees. B. Cow - This is incorrect as cows are not the source of HIV. C. Duck - This is incorrect as ducks are not the source of HIV. D. Pig - This is incorrect as pigs are not the source of HIV.

The answer to question 44 is D: Tuberculosis (TB).

Explanation for each option: A. Candidiasis - This is a common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients. B. Meningitis - This can occur in HIV/AIDS patients but is not as common as other infections. C. Pneumocystis (PCP) - This is a very common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients. D. Tuberculosis (TB) - This is also a very common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients.

Summary: 42. The answer is B: minimize the transmission of the infection in newborns from HIV. 43. The answer is A: chimpanzee. 44. The answer is D: Tuberculosis (TB).