Questions: Which term refers to a small organic molecule, usually derived from a vitamin, that is needed to make an enzym Prosthetic group Coenzyme Substrate Ligand

Which term refers to a small organic molecule, usually derived from a vitamin, that is needed to make an enzym Prosthetic group Coenzyme Substrate Ligand
Transcript text: Which term refers to a small organic molecule, usually derived from a vitamin, that is needed to make an enzym Prosthetic group Coenzyme Substrate Ligand
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Solution

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The answer is the second one (B): Coenzyme.

Explanation for each option:

  • Prosthetic group: This refers to a non-polypeptide unit that is tightly and permanently attached to a protein, often a part of an enzyme, and is required for its biological activity. It is not typically derived from vitamins.

  • Coenzyme: This is the correct answer. A coenzyme is a small organic molecule, often derived from vitamins, that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme. Coenzymes bind to the enzyme and assist in the enzyme's catalytic activity.

  • Substrate: This term refers to the specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon during a biochemical reaction. It is not derived from vitamins and is not a molecule that assists the enzyme in its function.

  • Ligand: This is a general term for a molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule. While a coenzyme can be considered a type of ligand, the term "ligand" is broader and not specific to the context of being derived from vitamins or assisting enzyme function.

In summary, a coenzyme is a small organic molecule derived from a vitamin that is necessary for enzyme activity.

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