The answers are temperance, slavery, and personal health.
The temperance movement was a significant reform movement in the United States prior to the Civil War. It aimed to reduce the consumption of alcohol and was driven by concerns about the negative effects of alcohol on society and individuals. This movement gained momentum in the early 19th century and led to the establishment of various temperance societies.
There is no significant evidence to suggest that pornography was a major focus of reform movements prior to the Civil War. While there may have been some discussions around morality, it was not a central issue like the others listed.
The abolitionist movement was one of the most prominent reform movements before the Civil War. It sought to end the practice of slavery in the United States and was a major social and political issue that contributed to the tensions leading up to the Civil War.
While philosophical discussions were certainly present during this period, they were not typically categorized as reform movements. Instead, they often influenced or underpinned various reform efforts.
The health reform movement, which included advocating for better hygiene, diet, and exercise, was gaining traction during this period. Figures like Sylvester Graham promoted dietary reforms, and there was a growing interest in improving personal health.
While there were some early efforts to promote animal welfare, such as the founding of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in 1866, this was not a major focus of reform movements prior to the Civil War.
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