Questions: Neoliberal structural adjustment programs call for (select all that apply): Multiple answers: Multiple answers are accepted for this question Select one or more answers and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ a Opening economies to foreign trade and investment b Reducing government spending c The middle-income trap d State-owned enterprises to be sold to cronies of the political elite e importsubstitution f Selling state-owned enterprises

The answer is: a) Opening economies to foreign trade and investment b) Reducing government spending f) Selling state-owned enterprises

Explanation for each option:

a) Opening economies to foreign trade and investment: Correct. Neoliberal structural adjustment programs often emphasize liberalizing trade and investment policies to integrate economies into the global market.

b) Reducing government spending: Correct. These programs typically advocate for austerity measures, which include reducing government expenditures to decrease budget deficits.

c) The middle-income trap: Incorrect. The middle-income trap is a concept describing the difficulty that some countries face in transitioning from middle-income to high-income status. It is not a specific policy advocated by neoliberal structural adjustment programs.

d) State-owned enterprises to be sold to cronies of the political elite: Incorrect. While privatization is a component of neoliberal policies, the specific notion of selling enterprises to cronies is not a formal aspect of these programs. It may occur in practice due to corruption, but it is not an advocated policy.

e) Import substitution: Incorrect. Import substitution is a strategy that focuses on reducing foreign dependency by producing goods domestically. This approach is generally contrary to neoliberal policies, which favor open markets and free trade.

f) Selling state-owned enterprises: Correct. Privatization of state-owned enterprises is a key component of neoliberal structural adjustment programs, aimed at reducing the role of the state in the economy and promoting private sector growth.