The answer is Dixieland.
Dixieland is a style of jazz that originated in New Orleans in the early 20th century. It is characterized by a collective improvisation of the front line (trumpet, clarinet, and trombone) and a rhythm section (piano, banjo, drums, and bass or tuba). The members of The Who did not have backgrounds in this style of music.
Blues is a genre that originated in the African-American communities in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. It has influenced many rock musicians, including members of The Who, who have incorporated blues elements into their music.
Surf rock is a genre of popular music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California. It was especially popular from 1961 to 1966. The Who's early music was influenced by surf rock, among other styles.
Skiffle is a genre of music with jazz, blues, folk, and American folk influences, usually using homemade or improvised instruments. It was popular in the UK in the 1950s, and many British musicians, including members of The Who, started their careers playing skiffle.