Questions: Which of the following supports the contention that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage? The size of the lateral ventricles increases in schizophrenic patients. The neurological symptoms noted in schizophrenia are unique to this disorder. Control subjects are more likely to show neurological symptoms. Older people, who have already lost substantial numbers of neurons, are more likely to develop schizophrenia than are younger people.

The answer is the first one: The size of the lateral ventricles increases in schizophrenic patients.

Explanation for each option:

1. The size of the lateral ventricles increases in schizophrenic patients.
   This option supports the contention that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage. Enlarged lateral ventricles are indicative of a loss of brain tissue, which is a form of brain damage. This finding has been consistently observed in neuroimaging studies of individuals with schizophrenia.

2. The neurological symptoms noted in schizophrenia are unique to this disorder.
   This statement does not support the contention that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage. While schizophrenia has specific symptoms, the uniqueness of symptoms does not directly imply brain damage.

3. Control subjects are more likely to show neurological symptoms.
   This statement contradicts the idea that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage. If control subjects (those without schizophrenia) are more likely to show neurological symptoms, it would not support the association of brain damage with schizophrenia.

4. Older people, who have already lost substantial numbers of neurons, are more likely to develop schizophrenia than are younger people.
   This statement is incorrect because schizophrenia typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, not in older age. Therefore, it does not support the contention that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage.

In summary, the enlargement of the lateral ventricles in schizophrenic patients is a well-documented finding that supports the association of schizophrenia with brain damage.