Questions: The pKa of lactic acid is 3.9. A lactate buffer will be useful from pH values - 3.5 through 4.4 - 3.0 through 4.5 - 2.9 through 4.9 - 3.8 through 4.0

The pKa of lactic acid is 3.9. A lactate buffer will be useful from pH values - 3.5 through 4.4 - 3.0 through 4.5 - 2.9 through 4.9 - 3.8 through 4.0
Transcript text: The pKa of lactic acid is 3.9. A lactate buffer will be useful from pH values $\qquad$ 3.5 through 4.4 3.0 through 4.5 2.9 through 4.9 3.8 through 4.0
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Understanding Buffer Range

A buffer is most effective within a pH range of ±1 unit from its pKa value. This is because within this range, the buffer can neutralize added acids and bases effectively.

Step 2: Calculating the Effective Buffer Range

Given the pKa of lactic acid is 3.9, the effective buffer range will be from: \[ \text{pKa} - 1 \text{ to } \text{pKa} + 1 \] \[ 3.9 - 1 \text{ to } 3.9 + 1 \] \[ 2.9 \text{ to } 4.9 \]

Step 3: Comparing with Given Options

We compare the calculated buffer range (2.9 to 4.9) with the provided options:

  • 3.5 through 4.4
  • 3.0 through 4.5
  • 2.9 through 4.9
  • 3.8 through 4.0

The range 2.9 through 4.9 matches our calculated effective buffer range.

Final Answer

\(\boxed{\text{2.9 through 4.9}}\)

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