Questions: What Enlightenment ideal did Napoleon use to justify his removal of the Directory in a coup d'etat? The ideal that there should be a peaceful transfer of power between governments. The ideal that a government should protect the rights of its people. The ideal that the church and state should be separated. The ideal that a government does not need the consent of its citizens.

The answer is: The ideal that a government should protect the rights of its people.

This option does not align with Napoleon's actions during the coup d'etat. The coup was not a peaceful transfer of power; it was a forceful overthrow of the Directory.

Napoleon justified his coup by claiming that the Directory was ineffective and corrupt, failing to protect the rights and welfare of the French people. This aligns with Enlightenment ideals, particularly those of philosophers like John Locke, who emphasized the government's role in safeguarding the rights of its citizens.

While the separation of church and state was an Enlightenment ideal, it was not the primary justification used by Napoleon for the coup. His focus was more on the inefficacy and corruption of the Directory rather than religious matters.

This option contradicts Enlightenment principles, which generally emphasized the importance of the social contract and the consent of the governed. Napoleon did not use this as a justification for his actions.