Questions: African Americans make up only 13% of the total U.S. population but comprise 38% of all prisoners. Latinos make up 16% of the total U.S. population, but comprise 22% of the prison population. This phenomena is called: 1. Selectivity 2. Disproportionality 3. Connectivity 4. Proportionality

The answer is the second one: Disproportionality.

Explanation for each option:

1. Selectivity: This term generally refers to the process of choosing or selecting something based on specific criteria. It does not accurately describe the phenomenon where certain groups are overrepresented in the prison population compared to their proportion in the general population.

2. Disproportionality: This is the correct term. Disproportionality refers to the overrepresentation or underrepresentation of a particular group in a specific context compared to their proportion in the general population. In this case, African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented in the prison population relative to their numbers in the overall U.S. population.

3. Connectivity: This term usually refers to the state or extent of being connected or interconnected. It is not relevant to the context of prison population statistics.

4. Proportionality: This term refers to the quality of corresponding in size or amount to something else. If the prison population were proportional, the percentages of African Americans and Latinos in prison would match their percentages in the general population. Since this is not the case, proportionality is not the correct term.

In summary, the phenomenon where African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented in the prison population compared to their proportion in the general population is called disproportionality.