Questions: Cash outflows from financing activities occur due to increases in: common stock. treasury stock. short-term notes payable. cash dividends.

The answer is the second one: treasury stock.

Explanation for each option:

1. Common stock: This typically involves cash inflows rather than outflows. When a company issues common stock, it receives cash from investors, which is considered a cash inflow from financing activities.

2. Treasury stock: This involves cash outflows. When a company repurchases its own stock, it uses cash to buy back shares, which is recorded as a cash outflow in the financing activities section of the cash flow statement.

3. Short-term notes payable: This generally involves cash inflows when the notes are issued, as the company receives cash. However, when the company repays these notes, it results in a cash outflow. The question specifically asks about increases, which would typically be associated with cash inflows.

4. Cash dividends: Paying cash dividends results in a cash outflow. However, the question asks about increases, and an increase in cash dividends would not directly cause a cash outflow; rather, the payment of dividends does.

In summary, the correct answer is treasury stock, as increases in treasury stock (i.e., repurchasing shares) result in cash outflows from financing activities.