The answer is C: interactionist perspective.
Explanation for each option:
A) Functionalist perspective: This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It would focus on how sports contribute to the functioning of society, such as promoting teamwork, providing entertainment, and maintaining social order. It does not specifically focus on the social positions of individuals within sports.
B) Conflict perspective: This perspective views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. It would focus on how sports reflect and perpetuate social inequalities, such as disparities in access to resources, power, and opportunities. While it might touch on social positions, it emphasizes broader social inequalities rather than the specific roles of players, coaches, and referees.
C) Interactionist perspective: This perspective focuses on the day-to-day interactions between individuals and the meanings they attach to these interactions. It would view sports as a medium through which people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees are defined and negotiated through their interactions. This perspective is most directly concerned with the roles and social positions of individuals within the context of sports.
D) Feminist perspective: This perspective focuses on gender inequalities and how they are perpetuated in various social institutions, including sports. It would examine how sports can reinforce or challenge gender roles and inequalities. While it might address the social positions of individuals, it does so primarily through the lens of gender.
Therefore, the interactionist perspective is the most appropriate answer as it directly addresses the definition and negotiation of social positions through interactions in sports.
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