Questions: Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation
Transcript text: Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation
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Solution

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The answer is Universal ethical principle orientation.

Explanation for each option:

  1. Social contract orientation: This stage is part of Kohlberg's post-conventional level of moral development. It involves understanding that laws and rules are important for society but can be changed if they do not serve the greater good. It does not define "right" solely by the decision of the conscience.

  2. Society-maintaining orientation: This stage is part of the conventional level. It emphasizes maintaining social order by following laws and rules. Moral reasoning is based on upholding laws and fulfilling duties, rather than individual conscience.

  3. Instrumental relativist orientation: This stage is part of the pre-conventional level. It involves understanding that actions are based on self-interest and reciprocal benefits. Moral decisions are made based on what is fair or what benefits oneself, not purely on conscience.

  4. Universal ethical principle orientation: This stage is the highest stage in Kohlberg's theory, part of the post-conventional level. It involves making decisions based on universal ethical principles and the dictates of one's conscience. "Right" is defined by self-chosen ethical principles that are comprehensive, universal, and consistent.

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