Questions: Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Which of the following are used to describe policy changes that occur without congressional action? Active Discretionary Nondiscretionary Automatic Passive

The answer is Automatic and Passive.

Active policy changes typically involve deliberate actions taken by policymakers, often requiring legislative or executive intervention. Therefore, this option does not describe policy changes that occur without congressional action.

Discretionary policy changes involve decisions made by policymakers, often requiring active intervention or legislative approval. Thus, this option does not fit the description of changes occurring without congressional action.

Nondiscretionary policies are those that operate automatically based on existing laws or regulations, without the need for new legislative action. However, this term is not commonly used to describe policy changes without congressional action in the same context as "automatic" or "passive."

Automatic policy changes occur without the need for new legislative action, as they are built into existing laws or systems. For example, automatic stabilizers in fiscal policy, like unemployment benefits, adjust based on economic conditions without requiring new legislation.

Passive policy changes refer to those that happen without active intervention or new legislative action. They are often the result of existing policies or systems that adjust automatically to changing conditions.