The answer is Shays' Rebellion.
The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation. It was not an event that highlighted the weakness but rather a response to it.
The Boston Tea Party occurred in 1773 as a protest against British taxation and is unrelated to the weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation.
The Whiskey Rebellion took place in the 1790s, after the Constitution was adopted, and highlighted issues related to federal authority but not the weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation.
Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787) was an armed uprising in Massachusetts that highlighted the inability of the national government under the Articles of Confederation to maintain public order and address economic distress, demonstrating its weaknesses.
Regarding the outcome of the meeting in Philadelphia in 1787:
The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787, known as the Constitutional Convention, resulted in the drafting of a new Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation entirely rather than amending them slightly. The new Constitution established a stronger federal government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches.