Questions: One of the consequences of Hernán de Soto's venture into North America was the decentralization of native chiefdoms, negotiation of a peace treaty with the Mississippian people, discovery of large gold deposits, Spanish acquisition of Florida.

The answer is: decentralization of native chiefdoms.

Explanation for each option:

1. Decentralization of native chiefdoms: This is the correct answer. Hernando de Soto's expedition through the southeastern United States from 1539 to 1542 had significant impacts on the native populations. His journey led to widespread disruption and destabilization of the existing native chiefdoms. The introduction of European diseases, along with the violence and demands for resources by de Soto's expedition, weakened the social and political structures of these societies, leading to their decentralization.

2. Negotiation of a peace treaty with the Mississippian people: This is incorrect. De Soto's expedition was marked by conflict and violence rather than peaceful negotiations. There were no significant peace treaties established with the Mississippian people during his venture.

3. Discovery of large gold deposits: This is incorrect. Although de Soto's expedition was partly motivated by the search for gold and other riches, they did not discover any significant gold deposits in North America. The expedition was ultimately considered a failure in terms of finding wealth.

4. Spanish acquisition of Florida: This is incorrect in the context of de Soto's expedition. While Spain did claim Florida, this was primarily due to earlier explorations by Juan Ponce de León in 1513. De Soto's expedition did not directly lead to the acquisition of Florida, as it was more focused on exploration and conquest inland rather than establishing territorial claims.