Questions: What does the general-process approach to learning entail? focusing on what different instances of learning have in common Why are computer simulations of behavior unable to replace experimental research with live subjects in the area of learning and behavior? Computer simulations cannot show us the implications of theoretical assumptions. Computer simulations cannot show us the implications of scientific observations. Computer simulations require extensive knowledge about a phenomenon to be formulated. Computer simulations do not illustrate normal behavior.

Let's address the questions one by one.

What does the general-process approach to learning entail?

The answer is: focusing on what different instances of learning have in common

Explanation for each option:

• Believing that all species learn at the same rate: This is incorrect. The general-process approach does not assume that all species learn at the same rate. Instead, it looks for commonalities in learning processes across different species.
• Focusing on what different instances of learning have in common: This is correct. The general-process approach aims to identify universal principles and mechanisms that underlie learning across different species and contexts.
• Denying the existence of laws that govern learning in different contexts: This is incorrect. The general-process approach actually seeks to find general laws or principles that can be applied across various learning contexts.
• Discovering the diversity in the way humans learn: This is incorrect. While understanding diversity in learning is important, the general-process approach specifically looks for commonalities rather than focusing on diversity.

Why are computer simulations of behavior unable to replace experimental research with live subjects in the area of learning and behavior?

The answer is: Computer simulations require extensive knowledge about a phenomenon to be formulated.

Explanation for each option:

• Computer simulations cannot show us the implications of theoretical assumptions: This is incorrect. Computer simulations can indeed show the implications of theoretical assumptions by modeling them and observing the outcomes.
• Computer simulations cannot show us the implications of scientific observations: This is incorrect. Simulations can be used to explore the implications of scientific observations by testing different scenarios and variables.
• Computer simulations require extensive knowledge about a phenomenon to be formulated: This is correct. To create an accurate and useful computer simulation, researchers need a deep understanding of the phenomenon they are modeling. Without this extensive knowledge, the simulation may not be accurate or useful.
• Computer simulations do not illustrate normal behavior: This is incorrect. While simulations may have limitations, they can be designed to illustrate normal behavior if they are based on accurate models and data.

By focusing on these explanations, you can better understand the reasoning behind the correct answers and the limitations of the incorrect ones.