Questions: Question Which theory of deviance focuses on the gap between people's aspirations and their ability to achieve them? Select an Answer A. strain theory B. conflict theory C. labeling theory D. stigma theory

The answer is A: strain theory.

Explanation for each option:

A. Strain theory: This is the correct answer. Strain theory, developed by sociologist Robert K. Merton, focuses on the gap between societal goals and the means available to achieve them. It suggests that when individuals are unable to achieve culturally approved goals through legitimate means, they may experience strain or pressure, which can lead to deviant behavior as they attempt to achieve those goals through alternative methods.

B. Conflict theory: This theory is incorrect in this context. Conflict theory, associated with Karl Marx, focuses on the power struggles and inequalities between different social classes. It argues that deviance arises from social and economic inequalities, rather than a gap between aspirations and means.

C. Labeling theory: This theory is also incorrect here. Labeling theory, developed by Howard Becker, emphasizes the significance of societal labels and reactions in the development of deviant behavior. It suggests that individuals become deviant when they are labeled as such by society, and they may internalize this label.

D. Stigma theory: This is not the correct answer. Stigma theory, associated with Erving Goffman, examines how individuals are discredited or devalued based on certain characteristics or behaviors. It focuses on the social processes of stigmatization rather than the gap between aspirations and means.