Questions: Quiz #1 Question 2 of 12 This quiz: 12 point(s) possible This question: 1 point(s) possible Submit quiz A researcher wants to assess the effects of taking prenatal vitamins on the health of newborns, using the newborn weight as the response variable. Explain why it might be inappropriate to use a designed experiment to address this research objective. Choose the correct answer below. A. A designed experiment would be retrospective and would require that women remember and truthfully report whether or not they took prenatal vitamins. B. A designed experiment would suffer more than an observational study from the effects of confounding and lurking variables. C. A designed experiment would not allow the researcher to claim causation, only association, between prenatal vitamins and newborn health. D. Since there is a perceived benefit to taking prenatal vitamins, there would be ethical issues in intentionally denying them to some pregnant women.

The answer is D: Since there is a perceived benefit to taking prenatal vitamins, there would be ethical issues in intentionally denying them to some pregnant women.

Explanation for each option:

A. A designed experiment would be retrospective and would require that women remember and truthfully report whether or not they took prenatal vitamins.

• This statement is incorrect because a designed experiment is typically prospective, meaning it would involve assigning participants to different groups and then observing outcomes. Retrospective studies are more characteristic of observational studies.

B. A designed experiment would suffer more than an observational study from the effects of confounding and lurking variables.

• This statement is incorrect because designed experiments are generally better at controlling for confounding and lurking variables through randomization and controlled conditions. Observational studies are more prone to these issues.

C. A designed experiment would not allow the researcher to claim causation, only association, between prenatal vitamins and newborn health.

• This statement is incorrect because one of the main advantages of a designed experiment is that it can establish causation due to the controlled manipulation of variables and random assignment of subjects to different groups.

D. Since there is a perceived benefit to taking prenatal vitamins, there would be ethical issues in intentionally denying them to some pregnant women.

• This statement is correct. Ethical considerations are a significant concern in designed experiments involving human subjects, especially when withholding a treatment that is believed to be beneficial. In this case, it would be unethical to deny prenatal vitamins to pregnant women, which makes a designed experiment inappropriate for this research objective.