Questions: Opioid drugs such as paregoric and loperamide are often used as antidiarrheals. What is their main effect on the gastrointestinal tract? Select one: a. decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental contractions b. decrease diarrhea by decreasing peristaltic waves c. decreasing diarrhea by relaxing segmental contractions d. decrease constipation by increasing intestinal secretions

Opioid drugs such as paregoric and loperamide are often used as antidiarrheals. What is their main effect on the gastrointestinal tract? Select one: a. decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental contractions b. decrease diarrhea by decreasing peristaltic waves c. decreasing diarrhea by relaxing segmental contractions d. decrease constipation by increasing intestinal secretions
Transcript text: Opioid drugs such as paregoric and loperamide are often used as antidiarrheals. What is their main effect on the gastrointestinal tract? Select one: a. decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental contractions b. decrease diarrhea by decreasing peristaltic waves c. decreasing diarrhea by relaxing segmental contractions d. decrease constipation by increasing intestinal secretions
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Solution

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The answer to the first question is option (a): decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental contractions.

Explanation for each option: a. Decrease diarrhea by increasing segmental contractions - Correct. Opioid drugs like paregoric and loperamide work by increasing segmental contractions in the intestines. This action slows down the movement of intestinal contents, allowing more time for fluid absorption and thus reducing diarrhea.

b. Decrease diarrhea by decreasing peristaltic waves - Incorrect. While opioids do slow down peristalsis, the primary mechanism for reducing diarrhea is through increased segmental contractions, not just a decrease in peristaltic waves.

c. Decreasing diarrhea by relaxing segmental contractions - Incorrect. Relaxing segmental contractions would likely increase diarrhea, as it would allow contents to move more quickly through the intestines.

d. Decrease constipation by increasing intestinal secretions - Incorrect. This option is unrelated to the use of opioids as antidiarrheals. Increasing intestinal secretions would not decrease constipation and is not the mechanism by which opioids work.

For the second question, the answer is option (b): gastric mucosa.

Explanation: a. Aortic arch - Incorrect. H2 receptors are not primarily located in the aortic arch. The aortic arch is more associated with baroreceptors and chemoreceptors related to cardiovascular function.

b. Gastric mucosa - Correct. H2 receptors are found in the gastric mucosa, where they play a role in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid. This is why H2 receptor antagonists are used to reduce stomach acid production in conditions like ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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