Questions: Which scenario could NOT occur because of the First Amendment? A The President has to reduce the number of reporters he allows to attend his interviews because the room is so small. B Congress passes a tax bill that allows special deductions for people who give money only to Catholic charities. C The Supreme Court upholds a law that restricts protest speech during a time of crisis. D The FBI arrests members of a radical group who plan to overthrow the government. Which court case upheld rights as stated in the First Amendment? A Roe v. Wade B Marbury v. Madison C Engle v. Vitale D Brown v. Board of Education

Let's address the questions one by one.

The answer is B: Congress passes a tax bill that allows special deductions for people who give money only to Catholic charities.

• A. The President has to reduce the number of reporters he allows to attend his interviews because the room is so small.

  • This scenario does not violate the First Amendment. The First Amendment protects freedom of the press, but logistical constraints like room size do not infringe on this right as long as the selection process is not discriminatory.

• B. Congress passes a tax bill that allows special deductions for people who give money only to Catholic charities.

  • This scenario violates the First Amendment, specifically the Establishment Clause, which prohibits the government from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion.” Giving special tax deductions exclusively to Catholic charities would be favoring one religion over others.

• C. The Supreme Court upholds a law that restricts protest speech during a time of crisis.

  • While the First Amendment protects freedom of speech, there are certain circumstances where speech can be restricted, such as during a time of crisis if it poses a clear and present danger. Therefore, this scenario could occur.

• D. The FBI arrests members of a radical group who plan to overthrow the government.

  • The First Amendment does not protect actions that involve planning to overthrow the government, which is considered a criminal act. Therefore, this scenario could occur.

The answer is C: Engle v. Vitale

• A. Roe v. Wade

  • This case is primarily about the right to privacy and abortion, not the First Amendment.

• B. Marbury v. Madison

  • This case established the principle of judicial review but does not directly deal with First Amendment rights.

• C. Engle v. Vitale

  • This case dealt with the issue of school prayer and upheld the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, ruling that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

• D. Brown v. Board of Education

  • This case is about the desegregation of public schools and is primarily concerned with the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, not the First Amendment.

By analyzing each option, we can see that the correct answers are B for the first question and C for the second question.