The answer to Question 3 is age peers.
In the United States, children often spend a significant amount of time with their age peers. This is largely due to the structure of the educational system, where children are grouped by age in classrooms. Additionally, extracurricular activities and social events are often organized by age group, further increasing the time spent with age peers.
While children do spend time with adults, especially parents and teachers, the structured environment of schools and social activities tends to emphasize interaction with age peers more than with adults.
Children in the U.S. may interact with older children, especially if they have older siblings, but this is generally less common than interactions with age peers due to the age-based grouping in schools and activities.
Similarly, interactions with younger children are less frequent compared to age peers, unless the child has younger siblings or is involved in activities that include a range of ages.
For Question 4, children who are most at risk for later outcomes in terms of peer acceptance ratings are typically those who are rejected by their peers. Rejected children often face challenges such as social isolation, lower self-esteem, and increased risk for behavioral problems. These issues can persist into adolescence and adulthood, affecting their social and emotional development.