Questions: Which of the following are incorrectly matched? Select all that apply. Hypovolemic hypernatremia - edema Hypervolemic hyponatremia - diluted sodium concentration Acidosis - false hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - prolonged PR intervals Hypocalcemia - hypophosphaternia

To determine which of the options are incorrectly matched, let's analyze each one:

1. Hypovolemic hypernatremia - edema:

   • Hypovolemic hypernatremia occurs when there is a loss of water greater than the loss of sodium, leading to increased sodium concentration in the blood. Edema is typically associated with fluid overload, not fluid deficit. Therefore, this is incorrectly matched.

2. Hypervolemic hyponatremia - diluted sodium concentration:

   • Hypervolemic hyponatremia occurs when there is an excess of water relative to sodium, often due to conditions like heart failure or cirrhosis. This results in a diluted sodium concentration. Therefore, this is correctly matched.

3. Acidosis - false hyperkalemia:

   • Acidosis can cause a shift of potassium from cells into the bloodstream, leading to true hyperkalemia, not false hyperkalemia. Therefore, this is incorrectly matched.

4. Hypokalemia - prolonged PR intervals:

   • Hypokalemia can cause changes in the ECG, including prolonged PR intervals. Therefore, this is correctly matched.

5. Hypocalcemia - hypophosphaternia:

   • Hypocalcemia is often associated with hyperphosphatemia, not hypophosphatemia, due to the inverse relationship between calcium and phosphate levels. Therefore, this is incorrectly matched.

Summary: The incorrectly matched options are:

• Hypovolemic hypernatremia - edema
• Acidosis - false hyperkalemia
• Hypocalcemia - hypophosphaternia