Questions: Question 4 1 pts The cellular basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism is based on: - the depolarization of the cardiac action potential by voltage-gated Na+ channels - the rate of calcium induced calcium release - intracellular calcium and sarcomere length

Question 4 1 pts The cellular basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism is based on: - the depolarization of the cardiac action potential by voltage-gated Na+ channels - the rate of calcium induced calcium release - intracellular calcium and sarcomere length
Transcript text: Question 4 1 pts The cellular basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism is based on: the depolarization of the cardiac action potential by voltage-gated $\mathrm{Na}+$ channels the rate of calcium induced calcium release intracellular calcium and sarcomere length
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Solution

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The answer is the third one: intracellular calcium and sarcomere length.

Explanation for each option:

  1. The depolarization of the cardiac action potential by voltage-gated Na+ channels: This option is incorrect. While the depolarization of the cardiac action potential is crucial for initiating heartbeats, it is not the basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism. The Frank-Starling mechanism is more related to the mechanical properties of the heart muscle rather than the electrical properties.

  2. The rate of calcium induced calcium release: This option is partially related but not the primary basis for the Frank-Starling mechanism. Calcium-induced calcium release is important for cardiac muscle contraction, but the Frank-Starling mechanism specifically involves the relationship between sarcomere length and force of contraction.

  3. Intracellular calcium and sarcomere length: This option is correct. The Frank-Starling mechanism describes how the heart's stroke volume increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end-diastolic volume). This is due to the increased stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers (sarcomeres) leading to a more forceful contraction. The length of the sarcomeres affects the sensitivity of the muscle fibers to calcium, which is crucial for muscle contraction.

In summary, the Frank-Starling mechanism is based on the relationship between intracellular calcium levels and sarcomere length, which affects the force of cardiac muscle contraction.

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