Questions: Natural selection results from interactions between: individual organisms and their genes. individual organisms and their environment. species and their populations. species and their environment. genes and ecosystems.

The answer is the second one: individual organisms and their environment.

Explanation for each option:

1. Individual organisms and their genes: This option is incorrect because natural selection acts on the phenotype, which is the expression of genes in an organism, but it is the interaction with the environment that determines which phenotypes are more successful.

2. Individual organisms and their environment: This is the correct answer. Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce in a given environment. The environment exerts selective pressures that favor certain traits over others.

3. Species and their populations: This option is incorrect because natural selection acts on individuals within a population, not on species or populations as a whole. It is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals that leads to evolutionary change.

4. Species and their environment: This option is incorrect because natural selection acts on individuals, not species. While species as a whole may adapt to their environment over time, it is through the selection of advantageous traits in individuals.

5. Genes and ecosystems: This option is incorrect because natural selection does not directly involve ecosystems. While genes determine traits, it is the interaction of these traits with the environment (not the ecosystem as a whole) that drives natural selection.

In summary, natural selection results from the interaction between individual organisms and their environment, where certain traits become more common in a population due to differential survival and reproduction.