The answer is D: The U.S. invasion of Veracruz.
Explanation for each option:
A. The capture of Emiliano Zapata: Emiliano Zapata was a key figure in the Mexican Revolution, known for his role in advocating for agrarian reform. However, his capture did not unite Mexicans or significantly radicalize the revolution. Instead, his assassination in 1919 marked a significant moment in the revolution, but it was not a unifying event.
B. The killing of Pancho Villa: Pancho Villa was another prominent revolutionary leader. His assassination in 1923 was a notable event, but it occurred after the main period of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) and did not serve as a unifying or radicalizing event for the revolution itself.
C. The Zimmermann telegram: This was a secret diplomatic communication sent by Germany to Mexico in 1917, proposing a military alliance against the United States during World War I. While it had international implications, it did not directly unite or radicalize the Mexican Revolution.
D. The U.S. invasion of Veracruz: This event occurred in 1914 when the United States occupied the port city of Veracruz. The invasion was a response to tensions between the U.S. and the Mexican government under Victoriano Huerta. This act of foreign intervention angered many Mexicans and helped to unite various factions against a common external threat, thereby radicalizing the revolution.