Questions: Question 1 of 5 Which of the following participates in atherosclerotic plaque formation? Select all that apply. HDL Foam cells Creatinine Macrophages LDL

The answer is: Foam cells, Macrophages, and LDL.

Explanation for each option:

1. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): HDL is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for excretion. It is generally protective against atherosclerosis, not a participant in plaque formation. Therefore, HDL does not participate in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

2. Foam cells: These are lipid-laden macrophages that are formed when macrophages ingest oxidized LDL. Foam cells are a key component of atherosclerotic plaques, contributing to their growth and instability. Therefore, foam cells do participate in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

3. Creatinine: Creatinine is a waste product formed from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. It is commonly measured to assess kidney function but does not play a role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Therefore, creatinine does not participate in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

4. Macrophages: These immune cells are involved in the inflammatory response and play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. They ingest oxidized LDL and become foam cells, contributing to plaque formation. Therefore, macrophages do participate in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

5. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): LDL is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" because high levels can lead to the buildup of cholesterol in arteries, contributing to plaque formation. Therefore, LDL does participate in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

In summary, foam cells, macrophages, and LDL are all involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.