The answer is solicitation.
Accessory mens rea refers to the mental state of a person who assists or encourages the commission of a crime, but it does not specifically address the act of encouraging or approving the commission of a crime.
Complicity liability involves being held legally responsible for assisting or encouraging another person to commit a crime, but it is a broader concept that includes various forms of participation.
Solicitation specifically refers to the act of encouraging, requesting, or commanding someone to engage in criminal conduct. Therefore, words that encourage and approve the commission of a crime amount to solicitation.
Accomplice actus reus refers to the physical act of assisting or participating in the commission of a crime, rather than merely encouraging or approving it.
True
Complicity establishes when you can be criminally liable for someone else's conduct. This is true because complicity involves aiding, abetting, or otherwise assisting in the commission of a crime, making one liable for the actions of the principal offender.
True
Even in situations where the defendant has a legal duty to act, his or her mere presence at the scene of a crime is not enough to amount to accomplice actus reus. This is true because mere presence does not constitute the physical act of assisting or participating in the crime, which is required for accomplice liability.