Questions: The force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is .

The answer is the second one (or B): a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis.

Explanation for each option:

1. Transmembrane pumps; an electrochemical gradient: This is incorrect because transmembrane pumps are typically involved in active transport, not simple diffusion. An electrochemical gradient can drive certain types of transport, but it is not the primary force behind simple diffusion.

2. A concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis: This is correct. Simple diffusion is driven by a concentration gradient, where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy, which is often provided by the hydrolysis of ATP.

3. A concentration gradient; ADP: This is incorrect. While a concentration gradient does drive simple diffusion, ADP is not the energy source for active transport. ATP hydrolysis, not ADP, provides the necessary energy.

4. Phosphorylated carrier proteins; ATP: This is incorrect. While ATP is indeed the energy source for active transport, phosphorylated carrier proteins are not the driving force for simple diffusion.

Summary: The force driving simple diffusion is a concentration gradient, while the energy source for active transport is ATP hydrolysis.