Questions: Question 34 4 pts MC: A marketing team is designing an advertising campaign for a new line of flavored sparkling waters. In the campaign, they highlight one flavor, a bright pink watermelon variant, with bold graphics and catchy slogans, while the other flavors are presented with more subdued colors and standard imagery. After viewing the ads, consumers recall the watermelon flavor more vividly than the others. What psychological principle explains why consumers are more likely to remember the watermelon flavor? Primacy Effect Confirmation Biad Recency Effect Von Restorff Effect Question 35 4 pts MC: Which of the following is a common criticism of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? It is based on empirical-research that accurately reflects the stages of human development. The hierarchy is universally applicable, making it a reliable framework for all individuals. The model is too simplistic and does not account for the complexity of human motivation across different cultures. The model fails to consider that once a higher need is met, individuals will not revert to lower needs.

The answer is: Von Restorff Effect

Explanation:

• Primacy Effect: This principle suggests that items presented at the beginning of a list are more likely to be remembered. This does not apply here as the focus is on the distinctiveness of the watermelon flavor, not its position in a sequence.
• Confirmation Bias: This is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. This does not apply to the scenario where the distinctiveness of the watermelon flavor is the key factor.
• Recency Effect: This principle suggests that items presented at the end of a list are more likely to be remembered. This does not apply here as the focus is on the distinctiveness of the watermelon flavor, not its position in a sequence.
• Von Restorff Effect: Also known as the "isolation effect," this principle states that an item that stands out is more likely to be remembered than other items. In this case, the bright pink watermelon flavor with bold graphics and catchy slogans stands out more than the other flavors, making it more memorable.

The answer is: The model is too simplistic and does not account for the complexity of human motivation across different cultures.

Explanation:

• It is based on empirical research that accurately reflects the stages of human development: This is incorrect. One of the criticisms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is that it is not strongly supported by empirical research.
• The hierarchy is universally applicable, making it a reliable framework for all individuals: This is incorrect. The model has been criticized for not being universally applicable, as it does not account for cultural differences in human motivation.
• The model is too simplistic and does not account for the complexity of human motivation across different cultures: This is correct. One of the main criticisms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is that it oversimplifies human motivation and does not consider cultural variations.
• The model fails to consider that once a higher need is met, individuals will not revert to lower needs: This is incorrect. Maslow's model does allow for the possibility that individuals can revert to lower needs if those needs become unmet.