The answer is Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang, which translates to "Storm and Stress," is a German literary and musical movement that emphasized natural feelings and extreme contrasts. This movement was prominent at the end of the Baroque Era and into the early Classical Era.
Sensitive Style, or Empfindsamer Stil, is another term used to describe a style of music that emphasizes emotional expression, but it is not specifically known for extreme contrasts as much as Sturm und Drang.
This is simply the English translation of Sturm und Drang, so it is correct but not the specific term used in the context of the question.
While all the terms relate to styles that emphasize emotion, the specific term for the movement emphasizing natural feelings and extreme contrasts at the end of the Baroque Era is Sturm und Drang.
The answer is C.P.E. Bach
Mozart was a significant composer of the Classical Era but was not the biggest proponent of the Sturm und Drang style.
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, one of J.S. Bach's sons, was a major proponent of the Sturm und Drang style. His compositions often featured the emotional intensity and contrasts characteristic of this movement.
Haydn was also a prominent composer of the Classical Era, but he is more associated with the development of the symphony and string quartet rather than Sturm und Drang.
Wagner was a composer of the Romantic Era, known for his operas and the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, but he was not associated with the Sturm und Drang movement.
The answer is Homophonic texture and balanced phrases with tuneful melodies
Polyphonic texture, characterized by multiple independent melody lines, was more typical of the Baroque Era rather than the Classical Era.
Monophonic texture, which involves a single melodic line without accompaniment, and plainchant are more associated with Medieval and Renaissance music.
The Classical Era is known for its homophonic texture, where a single melody is supported by harmonic accompaniment. This period also emphasized balanced phrases and tuneful, memorable melodies.
This option is incorrect as the Classical Era is indeed characterized by homophonic texture and balanced phrases with tuneful melodies.