Questions: According to Mill, the ultimate end of utilitarianism is an existence as free of pain as possible and as rich as possible in a. enjoyments. b. social achievement. c. lower pleasures. d. spiritual attainment.

The answer is a. enjoyments

John Stuart Mill, a prominent philosopher and proponent of utilitarianism, argued that the ultimate end of utilitarianism is to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. He believed that happiness consists of both higher and lower pleasures, but emphasized the importance of higher pleasures, which he associated with intellectual and moral faculties. Therefore, an existence as free of pain as possible and as rich as possible in enjoyments aligns with Mill's view of utilitarianism.

While social achievement can contribute to overall happiness, it is not the ultimate end of utilitarianism according to Mill. Utilitarianism focuses on the balance of pleasure over pain, rather than specific achievements.

Mill distinguished between higher and lower pleasures, arguing that higher pleasures (those of the mind) are more valuable than lower pleasures (those of the body). Therefore, focusing solely on lower pleasures would not align with Mill's ultimate end of utilitarianism.

Spiritual attainment can be a source of happiness, but Mill's utilitarianism does not specifically prioritize spiritual attainment over other forms of enjoyment. The ultimate end is the maximization of overall happiness, which includes a variety of pleasures and enjoyments.