Questions: molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side HBr ○ polar ○ nonpolar CCl4 ○ polar ○ nonpolar HCN ○ polar ○ nonpolar

molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side HBr ○ polar ○ nonpolar CCl4 ○ polar ○ nonpolar HCN ○ polar ○ nonpolar
Transcript text: molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side HBr ○ polar Ononpolar $\square$ $\mathrm{CCl}_{4}$ ○ polar nonpolar $\square$ HCN ○ polar n nonpolar $\square$
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Determine the Polarity of HBr

Hydrogen bromide (HBr) consists of hydrogen and bromine. Bromine is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a dipole moment with the negative end towards bromine. Therefore, HBr is polar.

Step 2: Identify the Atom Closest to the Negative Side in HBr

Since bromine is more electronegative than hydrogen, the atom closest to the negative side in HBr is bromine.

Step 3: Determine the Polarity of $\mathrm{CCl}_{4}$

Carbon tetrachloride ($\mathrm{CCl}_{4}$) has a tetrahedral structure with four chlorine atoms symmetrically surrounding a central carbon atom. The symmetry cancels out the dipole moments, making $\mathrm{CCl}_{4}$ nonpolar.

Step 4: Determine the Polarity of HCN

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) consists of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen. Nitrogen is more electronegative than both hydrogen and carbon, creating a dipole moment with the negative end towards nitrogen. Therefore, HCN is polar.

Step 5: Identify the Atom Closest to the Negative Side in HCN

Since nitrogen is the most electronegative atom in HCN, the atom closest to the negative side is nitrogen.

Final Answer

\[ \begin{array}{|c|l|c|} \hline \text{molecule or polyatomic ion} & \text{polar or nonpolar?} & \text{atom closest to negative side} \\ \hline \text{HBr} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\text{Br}} \\ \hline \mathrm{CCl}_{4} & \text{nonpolar} & \boxed{\text{N/A}} \\ \hline \text{HCN} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\text{N}} \\ \hline \end{array} \]

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