Questions: Укажите, изменением каких условий можно добиться смещения химического равновесия в системе в сторону образования готового продукта. 2 H₂(r) + O₂(r) ⇄ 2 H₂O(r)

Укажите, изменением каких условий можно добиться смещения химического равновесия в системе в сторону образования готового продукта.
2 H₂(r) + O₂(r) ⇄ 2 H₂O(r)
Transcript text: Укажите, изменением каких условий можно добиться смещения химического равновесия в системе в сторону образования готового продукта. \[ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{r})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{r}) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{r}) \]
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Understanding the Chemical Equilibrium

The given chemical reaction is: \[ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \] This is a reversible reaction where hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react to form water vapor.

Step 2: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change.

Step 3: Changing Concentrations

Increasing the concentration of reactants (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)) will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of the product (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)).

Step 4: Changing Pressure

Since there are 3 moles of gas on the reactant side and 2 moles of gas on the product side, increasing the pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of water vapor.

Step 5: Changing Temperature

The reaction is exothermic (releases heat). Decreasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of the product.

Final Answer

  • Increase the concentration of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\).
  • Increase the pressure.
  • Decrease the temperature.

\[ \boxed{\text{Increase concentration of reactants, increase pressure, decrease temperature}} \]

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