Questions: Укажите, изменением каких условий можно добиться смещения химического равновесия в системе в сторону образования готового продукта.
2 H₂(r) + O₂(r) ⇄ 2 H₂O(r)
Transcript text: Укажите, изменением каких условий можно добиться смещения химического равновесия в системе в сторону образования готового продукта.
\[
2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{r})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{r}) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{r})
\]
Solution
Solution Steps
Step 1: Understanding the Chemical Equilibrium
The given chemical reaction is:
\[
2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})
\]
This is a reversible reaction where hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react to form water vapor.
Step 2: Applying Le Chatelier's Principle
Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change.
Step 3: Changing Concentrations
Increasing the concentration of reactants (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)) will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of the product (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)).
Step 4: Changing Pressure
Since there are 3 moles of gas on the reactant side and 2 moles of gas on the product side, increasing the pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of water vapor.
Step 5: Changing Temperature
The reaction is exothermic (releases heat). Decreasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of the product.
Final Answer
Increase the concentration of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\).
Increase the pressure.
Decrease the temperature.
\[
\boxed{\text{Increase concentration of reactants, increase pressure, decrease temperature}}
\]