The answer is Fort Dearborn.
Fort Detroit was surrendered to British forces led by Major General Isaac Brock and Indigenous allies under the leadership of Tecumseh on August 16, 1812. However, it was not specifically an Indigenous assault that led to its fall.
Fort Mackinac was captured by British and Indigenous forces on July 17, 1812, but it was primarily a British-led operation with Indigenous support.
Fort Dearborn, located in what is now Chicago, fell to an Indigenous assault on August 15, 1812. The fort was evacuated under orders, but the evacuees were attacked by Potawatomi warriors, leading to the Fort Dearborn Massacre.
Fort Sullivan, later renamed Fort Moultrie, was involved in the American Revolutionary War, not the War of 1812. Therefore, it is not relevant to this question.