Questions: Check My Work If Josh and Maria represent typical children, Josh will probably score nearly a full standard deviation higher than Maria on tests of: a. writing. b. achievement. c. language. d. spatial ability.

The answer is D: spatial ability.

Explanation for each option:

a. Writing: Typically, there is no significant gender difference in writing ability that would result in a full standard deviation difference. Both boys and girls can perform similarly in writing tasks.

b. Achievement: Achievement tests cover a broad range of subjects, and while there may be some differences in specific areas, a full standard deviation difference is unlikely across the board.

c. Language: Research often shows that girls tend to outperform boys in language-related tasks, so it is unlikely that Josh would score higher than Maria by a full standard deviation in this area.

d. Spatial Ability: Studies have shown that males often outperform females in spatial ability tasks, such as mental rotation, which can result in a significant difference in scores, sometimes approaching a full standard deviation.