Questions: Antibiotics Menopause Hyperglycemia Unprotected sex Menstrual period

The factors associated with increased vaginal pH are:

• Antibiotics
• Menopause
• Hyperglycemia
• Unprotected sex
• Menstrual period

Explanation for each option:

1. Antibiotics: The answer is correct. Antibiotics can disrupt the normal vaginal flora, reducing the population of lactobacilli, which are responsible for maintaining an acidic environment. This disruption can lead to an increase in vaginal pH.

2. Menopause: The answer is correct. During menopause, estrogen levels decrease, which can lead to thinning of the vaginal walls and a reduction in the production of lactic acid by lactobacilli. This results in an increase in vaginal pH.

3. Hyperglycemia: The answer is correct. High blood sugar levels can affect the vaginal environment, potentially leading to an overgrowth of yeast and bacteria that can increase vaginal pH.

4. Unprotected sex: The answer is correct. Semen has an alkaline pH, and unprotected sex can introduce semen into the vaginal environment, temporarily increasing the vaginal pH.

5. Menstrual period: The answer is correct. During menstruation, the presence of blood, which has a higher pH than the normal vaginal environment, can lead to an increase in vaginal pH.

In summary, all the listed factors (antibiotics, menopause, hyperglycemia, unprotected sex, and menstrual period) are associated with an increase in vaginal pH.