Questions: Using fMRI, researchers have determined that the switch to meditation involves initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate.

Using fMRI, researchers have determined that the switch to meditation involves initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate.

Transcript text: Using fMRI, researchers have determined that the switch to meditation involves initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate. initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate.

Solution

The answer is the first one: initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate.

Explanation for each option:

Initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate.
- This option is correct. Research using fMRI has shown that during the switch to meditation, there is a decrease in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, which are associated with executive functions and motor control. Concurrently, there is an increase in activation in the anterior cingulate, which is involved in attention and emotional regulation.
Initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate.
- This option is incorrect. It suggests the opposite pattern of brain activity changes during meditation, which does not align with the findings from fMRI studies.
Initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate.
- This option is incorrect. While it correctly identifies an increase in the anterior cingulate, it incorrectly states that there is an increase in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, which actually show decreased activation.
Initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate.
- This option is incorrect. It correctly identifies the decrease in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex but incorrectly states that there is a decrease in the anterior cingulate, which actually shows increased activation.

Summary: The correct answer is the first one: initial decreases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and increases in the anterior cingulate. This pattern of brain activity changes is consistent with findings from fMRI studies on meditation.

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