We start with the equation:
\[ p^{4} + 3p^{2} = 28 \]
By substituting \( u = p^{2} \), we rewrite the equation in standard form:
\[ u^{2} + 3u - 28 = 0 \]
Next, we factor the polynomial \( u^{2} + 3u - 28 \):
\[ (u - 4)(u + 7) = 0 \]
Setting each factor to zero gives us the solutions for \( u \):
\[ u - 4 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad u = 4 \] \[ u + 7 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad u = -7 \]
Now, we solve for \( p \) using the values of \( u \):
For \( u = 4 \): \[ p^{2} = 4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad p = \pm 2 \]
For \( u = -7 \): \[ p^{2} = -7 \quad \Rightarrow \quad p = \pm \sqrt{7}i \]
The solutions for \( p \) are:
\[ p = -2, \quad p = 2, \quad p = -\sqrt{7}i, \quad p = \sqrt{7}i \]
Thus, the final answer is:
\[ \boxed{p = -2, \quad p = 2, \quad p = -\sqrt{7}i, \quad p = \sqrt{7}i} \]
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