Questions: 5. What are glial cells? What important roles do they play in the nervous system?

5. What are glial cells? What important roles do they play in the nervous system?
Transcript text: 5. What are glial cells? What important roles do they play in the nervous system?
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Glial cells, also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems that do not produce electrical impulses. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons. Here are some important roles that glial cells play in the nervous system:

  1. Support and Protection: Glial cells provide structural support to neurons, helping to maintain the physical integrity of the nervous system. They also protect neurons from damage and help to repair the nervous system after injury.

  2. Myelination: Certain types of glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, are responsible for the formation of myelin. Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around axons, increasing the speed and efficiency of electrical signal transmission.

  3. Homeostasis: Glial cells help maintain the extracellular environment around neurons, regulating the concentration of ions and neurotransmitters. This is crucial for proper neuronal function and communication.

  4. Immune Defense: Microglia, a type of glial cell, act as the main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. They can detect and respond to pathogens, clear debris, and modulate inflammation.

  5. Nutrient Supply: Astrocytes, another type of glial cell, help supply nutrients to neurons and remove waste products. They also play a role in the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream.

In summary, glial cells are vital for the proper functioning of the nervous system, providing support, protection, and maintenance for neurons, as well as playing roles in myelination, immune defense, and nutrient supply.

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