Questions: Classify each observation according to the order of reaction it describes. Zero-order reaction A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. First-order reaction The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration. A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. Answer Bank As the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half-life of the reaction becomes shorter. The rate constant has units of M · s^-1. The rate constant has units of M^-1 · s^-1.

Classify each observation according to the order of reaction it describes. Zero-order reaction A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. First-order reaction The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration. A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. Answer Bank As the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half-life of the reaction becomes shorter. The rate constant has units of M · s^-1. The rate constant has units of M^-1 · s^-1.
Transcript text: Classify each observation according to the order of reaction it describes. Zero-order reaction A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. First-order reaction The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration. A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line. Answer Bank As the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half-life of the reaction becomes shorter. The rate constant has units of M $\cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. The rate constant has units of $\mathrm{M}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}$.
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Identify the characteristics of a zero-order reaction

A zero-order reaction is characterized by the fact that the rate of reaction is constant and does not depend on the concentration of the reactant. This means that:

  • A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
  • The rate constant has units of \( \text{M} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} \).
Step 2: Identify the characteristics of a first-order reaction

A first-order reaction is characterized by the fact that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. This means that:

  • The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
  • A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
Step 3: Classify each observation
  • A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
    • This describes a zero-order reaction.
  • The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
    • This describes a first-order reaction.
  • A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
    • This describes a first-order reaction.
  • As the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half-life of the reaction becomes shorter.
    • This does not describe a zero-order or first-order reaction.
  • The rate constant has units of \( \text{M} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} \).
    • This describes a zero-order reaction.
  • The rate constant has units of \( \text{M}^{-1} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} \).
    • This does not describe a zero-order or first-order reaction.

Final Answer

  • A plot of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
    • \(\boxed{\text{Zero-order reaction}}\)
  • The half-life of the reaction is independent of the initial concentration.
    • \(\boxed{\text{First-order reaction}}\)
  • A plot of the natural log of the concentration of the reactant versus time yields a straight line.
    • \(\boxed{\text{First-order reaction}}\)
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