Questions: Question 3 Down syndrome can be diagnosed by means of an examination of the individual's (A) chromatin (B) spores (C) kinetochores (D) karyotype (E) nucleosomes

Question 3 Down syndrome can be diagnosed by means of an examination of the individual's (A) chromatin (B) spores (C) kinetochores (D) karyotype (E) nucleosomes
Transcript text: Question 3 Down syndrome can be diagnosed by means of an examination of the individual's (A) chromatin (B) spores (C) kinetochores (D) karyotype (E) nucleosomes
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Solution

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The answer is (D): karyotype.

Explanation for each option:

(A) Chromatin: Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. While chromatin is involved in the structure of chromosomes, it is not specifically used to diagnose Down syndrome.

(B) Spores: Spores are reproductive cells found in fungi, plants, and some bacteria. They are not related to human genetics or the diagnosis of Down syndrome.

(C) Kinetochores: Kinetochores are protein structures on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during cell division. They are not used in the diagnosis of Down syndrome.

(D) Karyotype: A karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes in an individual, organized and displayed in a standard format. Down syndrome is diagnosed by examining the karyotype for the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which is characteristic of this condition.

(E) Nucleosomes: Nucleosomes are the basic units of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around histone proteins. They are not used in the diagnosis of Down syndrome.

Summary: Down syndrome is diagnosed by examining the karyotype, which reveals the presence of an extra chromosome 21.

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