Questions: Select all that apply Select the two items that are critical components for achieving change in most theories of the behavior change process. self-centeredness self-confidence self-denial self-efficacy

The answer is:

• self-confidence
• self-efficacy

Explanation:

1. Self-confidence: This is a critical component in many behavior change theories because it reflects an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. High self-confidence can motivate individuals to take on challenges and persist in the face of setbacks, which is essential for achieving change.

2. Self-efficacy: This term, coined by psychologist Albert Bandura, refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It plays a central role in the Social Cognitive Theory and is considered crucial for initiating and maintaining behavior change. High self-efficacy can enhance motivation and resilience, making it easier for individuals to adopt and sustain new behaviors.

Incorrect Options:

• Self-centeredness: This is generally not considered a critical component for achieving behavior change. In fact, being overly self-centered can sometimes hinder change, as it may lead to a lack of consideration for others and a resistance to feedback.

• Self-denial: While self-denial might be relevant in specific contexts (such as resisting temptations), it is not broadly recognized as a critical component in most behavior change theories. It can sometimes be counterproductive if it leads to feelings of deprivation or resentment.

In summary, self-confidence and self-efficacy are widely recognized as critical components in the behavior change process, as they directly influence an individual's motivation and ability to implement and sustain new behaviors.