Questions: Soil is considered to be a living system. As such, it contains both biotic and abiotic factors. What are some of the biotic factors?

The biotic factors in soil refer to the living components that contribute to its ecosystem. These include:

1. Microorganisms: These are tiny living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. They play a crucial role in decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients, and maintaining soil health.

2. Plants: Roots of plants interact with the soil, providing organic matter and influencing soil structure and nutrient availability.

3. Animals: This includes a range of organisms from small insects and worms to larger burrowing animals. Earthworms, for example, are vital for aerating the soil and breaking down organic material.

4. Fungi: Apart from microorganisms, larger fungi like mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, aiding in nutrient absorption.

5. Algae: These can be found in the soil and contribute to the soil's organic matter and nutrient cycling.

In summary, the biotic factors in soil include microorganisms, plants, animals, fungi, and algae, all of which interact to maintain the soil's health and fertility.