Questions: Why do we use model organisms in science? Choose all that apply Model organisms are easier to maintain and manipulate in the lab Model organisms were designed to be functionally similar to humans Some of the genes found in model organisms are similar to genes in humans Experiments that would be impossible or unethical to do on humans are possible with model organisms Model organisms are different from humans, and used as the counter-example to humans

The correct options are:

1. Model organisms are easier to maintain and manipulate in the lab.
2. Some of the genes found in model organisms are similar to genes in humans.
3. Experiments that would be impossible or unethical to do on humans are possible with model organisms.

Explanation:

1. Model organisms are easier to maintain and manipulate in the lab: This is correct because model organisms, such as fruit flies, mice, and zebrafish, are often chosen for their ease of care, rapid reproduction, and well-understood genetics, making them convenient for laboratory studies.

2. Model organisms were designed to be functionally similar to humans: This is incorrect. Model organisms were not "designed" but rather selected because they naturally share certain biological characteristics with humans, which makes them useful for research.

3. Some of the genes found in model organisms are similar to genes in humans: This is correct. Many model organisms share a significant amount of genetic material with humans, allowing researchers to study gene function and disease processes that are relevant to human biology.

4. Experiments that would be impossible or unethical to do on humans are possible with model organisms: This is correct. Model organisms allow scientists to conduct experiments that would be unethical or impractical to perform on humans, such as genetic manipulation or long-term studies of disease progression.

5. Model organisms are different from humans, and used as the counter-example to humans: This is incorrect. While model organisms are indeed different from humans, they are not primarily used as counter-examples. Instead, they are used because of their similarities in certain biological processes, which can provide insights into human biology.

In summary, model organisms are used in science because they are easier to work with in a lab setting, share genetic similarities with humans, and allow for experiments that cannot be conducted on humans.