Questions: In a study of 420 nonprofits nationwide, 88 indicated that turnover has been the biggest employment challenge at their organization. Complete parts (a) through (c). a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization. ≤ π ≤ (Type integers or decimals. Round to three decimal places as needed.) b. Interpret the interval constructed in part (a). Choose the correct answer below. A. With 95% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval. B. With 5% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval. C. With 95% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval. D. With 5% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval. C. If you wanted to conduct a follow-up study to estimate the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization to within ± 0.02 with 95% confidence, how many nonprofits would you survey? A sample of nonprofits should be surveyed. (Round up to the nearest integer.)

In a study of 420 nonprofits nationwide, 88 indicated that turnover has been the biggest employment challenge at their organization. Complete parts (a) through (c).
a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization.
 ≤ π ≤  (Type integers or decimals. Round to three decimal places as needed.)
b. Interpret the interval constructed in part (a).

Choose the correct answer below.
A. With 95% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval.
B. With 5% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval.
C. With 95% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval.
D. With 5% confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval.
C. If you wanted to conduct a follow-up study to estimate the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization to within ± 0.02 with 95% confidence, how many nonprofits would you survey?

A sample of  nonprofits should be surveyed. (Round up to the nearest integer.)
Transcript text: In a study of 420 nonprofits nationwide, 88 indicated that turnover has been the biggest employment challenge at their organization. Complete parts (a) through (c). a. Construct a $95 \%$ confidence interval for the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization. $\square$ $\leq \pi \leq$ $\square$ (Type integers or decimals. Round to three decimal places as needed.) b. Interpret the interval constructed in part (a). Choose the correct answer below. A. With $95 \%$ confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval. B. With $5 \%$ confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the sample is in this interval. C. With $95 \%$ confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval. D. With $5 \%$ confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval. C. If you wanted to conduct a follow-up study to estimate the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization to within $\pm 0.02$ with $95 \%$ confidence, how many nonprofits would you survey? A sample of $\square$ $\square$ nonprofits should be surveyed. (Round up to the nearest integer.)
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Calculate the Sample Proportion

The sample proportion (\( \hat{p} \)) of nonprofits indicating that turnover is the biggest employment challenge is calculated as follows:

\[ \hat{p} = \frac{x}{n} = \frac{88}{420} \approx 0.2095 \]

Step 2: Construct the Confidence Interval

To construct a \( 95\% \) confidence interval for the population proportion, we use the formula:

\[ \hat{p} \pm z \sqrt{\frac{\hat{p}(1 - \hat{p})}{n}} \]

Where:

  • \( z \) is the Z-score for \( 95\% \) confidence, approximately \( 1.96 \).
  • \( n \) is the sample size, \( 420 \).

Calculating the margin of error:

\[ \text{Margin of Error} = 1.96 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.2095(1 - 0.2095)}{420}} \approx 0.0385 \]

Thus, the confidence interval is:

\[ (0.2095 - 0.0385, 0.2095 + 0.0385) = (0.171, 0.248) \]

Step 3: Interpret the Confidence Interval

The interpretation of the confidence interval is as follows:

With \( 95\% \) confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in the interval \( (0.171, 0.248) \).

Step 4: Calculate Required Sample Size for Follow-Up Study

To estimate the population proportion to within \( \pm 0.02 \) with \( 95\% \) confidence, we use the formula for sample size:

\[ n = \frac{Z^2 \cdot \hat{p} \cdot (1 - \hat{p})}{E^2} \]

Where:

  • \( E = 0.02 \)
  • \( Z = 1.96 \)

Calculating the required sample size:

\[ n = \frac{(1.96)^2 \cdot 0.2095 \cdot (1 - 0.2095)}{(0.02)^2} \approx 1590.25 \]

Rounding up, the required sample size is \( 1591 \).

Final Answer

  • The \( 95\% \) confidence interval for the population proportion is \( (0.171, 0.248) \).
  • The interpretation is: With \( 95\% \) confidence, the proportion of nonprofits that indicate turnover as the biggest employment challenge at their organization in the population is in this interval.
  • The required sample size for the follow-up study is \( 1591 \).

\[ \boxed{(0.171, 0.248), \text{ Interpretation: C, Required Sample Size: 1591} \]

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