Questions: Roughly equal amounts of NADPH and ATP are generated in which of the following? Photosystem I Linear electron flow Photosystem II The Calvin Cycle Cyclic electron flow

The answer is: Linear electron flow.

Explanation for each option:

1. Photosystem I: This photosystem primarily contributes to the production of NADPH. It does not generate ATP directly, so it does not produce roughly equal amounts of NADPH and ATP.

2. Linear electron flow: This process involves both Photosystem II and Photosystem I and results in the production of both ATP and NADPH. It is the primary pathway in the light reactions of photosynthesis that generates roughly equal amounts of these two molecules.

3. Photosystem II: This photosystem is primarily involved in the generation of ATP through the establishment of a proton gradient used in chemiosmosis. It does not produce NADPH directly.

4. The Calvin Cycle: This cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into glucose. It does not generate ATP or NADPH; instead, it consumes them.

5. Cyclic electron flow: This process involves only Photosystem I and results in the production of ATP but not NADPH. It is used to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio when more ATP is needed.

In summary, linear electron flow is the process that generates roughly equal amounts of NADPH and ATP.