Questions: How Would You Know If Sleep Deprivation Affects Academic Performance? 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? - Your study showed a cause-effect relationship between sleep deprivation and lower learning and remembering. - Your study showed that sleep deprivation relates to lower learning and remembering, but it did not establish a cause-effect relationship. - Using random assignment, you instructed some participants to sleep eight hours and others to sleep one hour. - You identified and controlled for confounding variables that might reduce confidence in your study results. 2. In your study, whether participants had damage to memory centers in the brain was a confounding variable because:

Transcript text: How Would You Know If Sleep Deprivation Affects Academic Performance? 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? - Your study showed a cause-effect relationship between sleep deprivation and lower learning and remembering. - Your study showed that sleep deprivation relates to lower learning and remembering, but it did not establish a cause-effect relationship. - Using random assignment, you instructed some participants to sleep eight hours and others to sleep one hour. - You identified and controlled for confounding variables that might reduce confidence in your study results. 2. In your study, whether participants had damage to memory centers in the brain was a confounding variable because: